Emergency Cardiac Help
Basic Life support (BSL)
Definition:
Out of hospital care to a person who has suddenly become unresponsive and pulseless.
Any cardiac event occurring out of hospital in western countries:
Survival rate = 10%
Any cardiac event occurring out of hospital and patient was provided bystander CPR
Survival rate = 20℅
Sudden cardiac arrest occurs when the heart develops an abnormal rhythm and cannot pump the blood.
It is different from heart attack which occurs when the blood flow to part of heart muscle is blocked.
Death occurs within minutes if the victim does not receive immediate life saving treatment.
-Coronary ischemia
-cardiomyopathy
-structural heart lesion
-electrical conduction abnormalities
-metabolic disturbances
-toxic ingestion
Non cardiac causes: drowning.
Half a million of people worldwide have out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.
Types:
Initial assessment:
-Verify scene safety
-shout for nearby help
-activate emergency services
-Only carotid pulse is palpated
-Single rescuers should use the compression to ventilation ratio of 30 compressions to 2 breath when giving CPR to any age patient (30:2)
-Push hard around 5-6cm deep.
-Push fast: 100-120comp/min
-Minimize interruptions in compressions.
-Avoid hyperventilation.(8-10breaths/min).
Steps:
-Position yourself at the victim side.
-Make sure the victim is lying Face Up On a firm surface.
Head tilt- chin tilt
Jaw thrust
Use barrier devices like pocket mask.
Deliver each breath over 1 second
Note visible chest rise with each breath
Resume chest compression in 10 seconds
The 30:2 compression ventilation cycle is repeated for 5 cycles.
Pulse check is again done within 10 seconds.
-Automated external defibrillator(AED) is attached once it is available.
-Early defibrillation is important factor in Survival from sudden cardiac arrest caused by ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia.
Steps:
-Open the case, power on the AED.
-Attach AED pads to the victim bare chest.
-Choose adult pads for >8 years
Position of pads:
Anterolateral
Anteroposterior
-Clear the victim to let AED analyse the rhythm
-If the rhythm is shockable charge defibrillator:
Clear and give shock,
Resume compression
-If non shockable Rhythm
Continue compression:ventilation.
Take the patient to nearby hospital with emergency services as soon as possible.
This post was last modified on January 30, 2022 8:25 pm
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